What’s the Difference Between a Dry Scalp and Dandruff?

When you’re dealing with any kind of scalp issue, trying to find a fix can feel like a shot in the dark — especially if you don’t know how to diagnose the root cause. There are many conditions that can affect your scalp, including (but not limited to) dry scalp and dandruff, and while the symptoms may be similar, the causes and treatments are actually very different. For example, dry, flaky skin around the scalp and hairline doesn’t necessarily mean you have dandruff. According to Rashida Hassanali, PA-C at Schweiger Dermatology Group in Howell, New Jersey, dandruff is different from a dry scalp.  

“Dry scalp is a condition characterized by lack of moisture in the scalp, leading to dryness and sometimes irritation,” she explains. If you have a dry scalp, it may still appear flaky, like dandruff; however, the flakes will look and feel very different. Hassanali says flakes from a dry scalp won’t feel oily, and may be “dry and white flakes.” The scalp could also appear irritated, and you’ll likely notice a tight feeling and possibly itching.

Dandruff, on the other hand, is a chronic condition caused by excess oil and yeast overgrowth. Flakes caused by dandruff will appear “larger, greasy, and may be yellow or clump together,” Hassanali explains. “Patients with dandruff typically complain of more itchiness as the scalp can feel inflamed or irritated.”

A dermatologist can help you diagnose the scalp issue you’re dealing with, but in general, there are a few ingredients that can help with each issue. If you have a dry scalp, Hassanali says to look for moisturizing ingredients in a scalp serum, such as hyaluronic acid, glycerin, and ceramides. If you’re dealing with dandruff, you should avoid harsh sulfates and alcohol-based products, and look for medicated shampoos that are specifically for dandruff treatment, such as Philip B. Anti-Flake Relief Shampoo Lite and Neutrogena T/Sal Therapeutic Shampoo.